Forgetfulness Can Bring Unexpected Evolutionary Benefits

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Have you ever wondered why forgetting happens naturally, sometimes even frequently? Is it merely a “glitch” in the brain, or does it actually serve a purpose? Recently, scientists have proposed an intriguing hypothesis: forgetfulness may play a vital role in human evolution, helping us adapt and thrive.

A recent study published in Nature Reviews Neuroscience reveals that forgetting unnecessary information can help the brain optimize its functioning. According to Professor Blake Richards, a neuroscientist at the University of Toronto, “forgetting is not a defect in memory but a mechanism that allows humans to focus on what truly matters.” This mechanism reduces conflicts in processing information and helps make decisions more effectively.

Forgetfulness can help us discard old memories that are no longer relevant. This is part of a process called “adaptive memory,” where the brain not only stores information but also continuously adjusts to align with the environment. Some studies have shown that about 50% of daily memories are discarded within a few weeks if they are not revisited or used. This allows the brain to conserve energy and focus on more critical tasks.

“If we remembered everything, the brain would become overwhelmed and unable to make sound decisions,” noted Professor Richards.

Additionally, forgetting helps reduce stress. Negative memories, if not forgotten, can lead to psychological issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By letting go of painful experiences, we can recover and move forward more positively. A 2023 study by the University of Cambridge found that individuals capable of “selective forgetting” were 35% less likely to experience depression-related problems.

However, not all forgetfulness is beneficial. Some conditions, such as Alzheimer’s or age-related memory decline, indicate serious health issues. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, the global number of individuals affected by the disease reached 55 million in 2023, and this figure is projected to double by 2050. This raises a significant challenge in distinguishing between normal forgetfulness and memory loss caused by illness.

Another perspective from psychologist Michael Anderson of the University of Oregon emphasizes: “Memory is not just about storing information but also about shaping the future. Thus, forgetting unimportant things helps us move forward.” This explanation underscores that forgetfulness is a highly adaptive mechanism, enabling humans to avoid being stuck in the past and face new challenges more effectively.