Innate Intelligence: What Role Do Genetics Play in Developing High IQ

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In recent years, research on intelligence and genetics has become a hot topic in the scientific community. One of the major questions raised is whether high intelligence is the result of genetics or due to the environment and personal effort. A recent study from King’s College London has provided insights into the genetic factors affecting IQ, particularly for individuals with exceptional IQs, those with scores of 170 or higher.

This study analyzed the DNA of 1,400 people with IQs in the top 0.03% of the population, who had IQs twice as high as Nobel laureates (with an average IQ of 145). The scientists discovered genetic differences between this group and the rest of society by analyzing SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms), which are variations in DNA that can affect the formation of proteins in the body. While no specific genetic factor was found to determine exceptional intelligence, the study’s results suggest that individuals with superior intelligence tend to have fewer rare alleles that could negatively impact intellectual abilities.

“Our study could not find a specific gene for intellectual excellence. However, to have superior intelligence, you need to possess many positive alleles and fewer negative effects from rare alleles,” said Professor Robert Plomin, a member of the Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience at King’s College London. This study was published in the journal Nature Genetics in 2018.

This suggests that intelligence is not solely the result of genetics but is also greatly influenced by environmental factors. Individuals with exceptional IQs often choose learning and working environments that enhance their thinking and creativity. Scientists also point out that creating an environment that stimulates thinking may be a key factor in developing intelligence, even though genetic factors can provide a solid foundation.

“The environment and experiences also have a significant impact on intellectual development. We can choose learning and working environments to optimize beneficial genetic factors, thus promoting more well-rounded development,” said Professor Plomin. This study was published in the journal Nature Neuroscience in 2019.

Another noteworthy factor is the impact of physical exercise on intelligence. Scientific studies have shown that regular exercise not only improves health but also positively affects thinking and learning abilities. Physical activities help increase blood circulation to the brain, stimulate the growth of new neurons, and thereby improve memory and logical thinking abilities. This is especially important for those who want to maximize their intellectual potential.

Sports not only help the body stay healthy but also support brain development. A 2020 study published in Science demonstrated that physical activity enhances learning ability and improves cognitive function,” Science Journal, 2020.

However, although genetics plays an important role in intellectual development, it is not the only factor. Continuous effort and the choice of appropriate learning and working environments will help individuals fully develop their potential. Therefore, exercise and mental training should be considered essential elements in the development of both intellect and physical health.